Wednesday, 12 July 2017

BANK OF IRELAND EARNINGS POWER VALUATION(STUDY CASE)

In my last article I’ve presented a business valuation technique using cash flow projections,but  today I will present another valuation technique which implies actual earnings.


This method is  known as Earnings Power Value was popularised by Professor Bruce Greenwald from Columbia University.My study case for today is Bank of Ireland one of the imporatant financial institution in Republic of Ireland.In my evaluation I will focus on earnings.Why earnings? Warren Buffet once had said that earnings are  key valuation tools of bank and not book value.


Step 1 Find and adjusted resonable EBIT margin


2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Revenue
3471
3989
5051
4804
4672
EBIT
-2138
-546
920
1135
998
EBIT Margin(EBIT/Revenue)
-61.00%
-14%
18%
23.62%
21.36%

Average EBIT Margin
20.90%
Adjusted EBIT Margin
23.62%
Normalized EBIT(Revenue*Adjusted EBIT Margin
4662656
Research and Development
Selling ,General and Administrative Expenses
3206
Normalized EBIT
4665862
I will choose and adjusted EBIT Margin of 23.62%  The reason is that can I observe that earnings margin of company will increase that because the bank reduced their non performing loans portofolio from 14.7 billion in june 2015 to 7.9 billion euros dec 2016.

Step 2 : Add Research and Development Costs and Selling,General and Administrative

Research and Development:                             
Selling ,General and Administrative Expenses 3206
2012
2013
2014
2015
PROFIT AFTER TAX
-1824
-487
786
940
TAX(EBIT-PROFIT AFTER TAX)
-314
-59
134
195
TAX RATE(TAX/EBIT)
17.21491228
12.11498973
17.04834606
20.74468085
AVERAGE TAX RATE
18.59482538
ADJUSTED TAX RATE
20%
Step 3: Account for possible under/overstate depreciation and amortization

NORMALIZED EARNINGS AFTER TAX
3732689
DEPRECIATION,AMORTIZATION
132
CAPEX (CORE BANKING PLATFORM)
41
3732862
 Step 4:          WCCO( Weighted Average Cost of Capital)
TOTAL DEBT
113728
FINANCE COST(EXPENSES)
3466
COST IN DEBT%
3.047622397
EQUITY
9401
ESTIMATED COST OF EQUITY
10%
RATIO OF EQUITY
76%
RATIO OF DEBT
2.77%
ESTIMATED COST OF CAPITAL
16.76%
 Step 5: Discounted Normalized Earnings and add cash less debt
EARNINGS DISCOUNTED AT COST OF CAPITAL
22352467.07
ADD CASH
5192
LESS DEBT
113728
22243931.07
 Step6 : Calculate EPV/share:
NO OF OUTSTANDING SHARES
1077884401
EPV/SHARE
20.63EURO/SHARE
ACTUAL SHARE PRICE:7.23 EURO/SHARE
Conclusions:
Bank of Ireland shares  might be undervalued.The problem of this valuation is the calculation of WACC(Weighted Average Cost of Capital.I've calculated WACC after the formula:
WACC+E/V*Re+D/V*Rd*(1-Tc)
Where: Re- cost of equity
                Rd-cost of debt
                D-market value of the company debt
                V-marked value of the company combined(E+D)
               E/V- percentage  of the total financing consisting equity
               E/D-percentage of the total financing consisting debt
               Tc-(the corporate Income tax rate)

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Sunday, 15 January 2017

KERRY GROUP PLC BUSINESS VALUATION (STUDY CASE)

It passed some time since I’ve witten the last article.Today I wish to present a short and quick valuation of Kerry Group Plc,I will not insist on performance measures like (profitability,liquidity and risk.)

In this article I ‘ll focuse on’’Intrinsic Value calculation,but before to start I wish to say something about the company.Kerry Group Plc develops ,manufactures and deliveres technology based ingredients flavours for the food and beverage industry.

After the researches that I’ve made studying public irish companies ,I consider is the best by far public irish company.It’s paying  their shareholders with increasing dividends since 1987 .

In investing is important to understand and try to establish what company’s shares really worth.

We can defined intrinsic value simply: ‘’It is the discounted value of cash that can be taken out of a business during its remaining life.’’ - Warren Buffet CEO Berkshire Hathaway INC

Extract Cash Flow Statement 2015 (mil euros)
Cash Flow from Operating activities
Depreciation and amortization

Accounts receivables
(11.20)
Inventory
45.40
Account payables
21.60
Other working capital
9
Other non-cash items
656.50
Net cash provided by operating activities
721.30
Free Cash in flow

Operating Cash flow
721.30
Capex
(248.40)
Free Cash Flow
472.90

Assumptions:
Starting cash flow :472.90
Expected growth rate:           8,20%
Discount rate              :            9,85%

Projected cash flow 2017-2021(mil E)

2017
511.67
2018
553.63
2019
599.03
2020
648.15
2021
701.30
(Assuming that the company will follow the expected growth rate 8,20%)

                                        INTRINSIC VALUE CALCULATION  

YEAR
CASHFLOW
DISCOUNT FACTOR 9%
PV
2017
511.67
0.917
469.20
2018
553.63
0.842
465.62
2019
599.03
0.772
462.45
2020
648.15
0.650
455.84
                                                                                                                         NPV  :    2312
NPV     :                                                                                       2312
YEAR 5 NPV*12     :                                                                    701
Total cash,cash equivalents and short term investments:  8415.6
Total  Intrinsic value:                                                                 :        11 993
No of outstanding shares 31 Dec 2016                                   :176 mil
Total Intrinsic Value per share                                                  :68.14/euros

Actual Stock Price                                                                        :69.81/euros
RGV  (RELATIVE GRAHAM VALUE)                                             :0.97
INTRINSIC VALUE/STOCK PRICE   :68.14/69.81=O.97

AN RGV LESS THAN ONE INDICATES THAT THE STOCK IS OVERVALUED AND SHOULD NOT BE BOUGHT.
MARGIN OF SAFETY:                                                      2,45%
 1-    STOCKS CURENT PRICE/STOCK INTRINSIC VALUE


CConclusions:   Despite that Kerry Group Plc is an amazing company my advice is to not buy this stock because his intrinsic value is less than curent stock price.2.45 % margin of safety is not enough to buy the company in this moment at 50 euros/share or less is ideal.

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Sunday, 22 November 2015

GOLD IS READY TO REBOUND

After  continous fall in the last of 30 days,the faith on the precious metal it seems will back,at least for the next period.Today I'll make a technical analysis for the next period(23-27 november 2015).



The gold price closed at 1077.100 $ per ounce,at this price we can think to initiate buy orders,starting when price will pass level 1080.00 which represent the rezistance line.First profit target will be somewhere near 1100$  which is coresponding fibonacci 32,8%,I can go further and say the next profit target to 1130$/ounce and stop loss outside 1070 it's safe place.


The importance event for the next week will be US Preliminary GDP on tuesday 24 november which is forecast 2% growth.

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Sunday, 15 November 2015

REASONS FOR WHY I AM STILL CONFIDENT IN VOLSKWAGEN AUTO BUSINES

The shares of german car manufacturer droped in the last couple of months.As probably some of you know on september 2015 The Environmental Protection Agency issued o notice of violation of the clean air act by Volkswagen Group.

Despite the dramatic fall,I consider Wolkswagen Group is still a good business which deserve to invest now.



                                                               BALANCE SHEET
                                                 2014                           2013                   2012                      2011
CURRENT ASSETS             :     131,102              122,192         113,061               105,640
Inventory                            :         31,466                 28,653          28,674                27,551
Receivables                         :         21,096                 19,621         18,460                 17,630
TOTAL ASSETS                   :     351,209              324,333         309,518             253,769


LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Accounts payables          :                  17 838                   16,583            15,662               15,244
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES  :  130,706          118,625          105,526             101,237
Long term debt                          :            10,643         15,913            15,096                7,661
TOTAL LIABILITIES                     :   261,020          234,296         227,523             190,415
TOTAL EQUITY                            :     90,189           90,037           81,995                63,354




                                                                        INCOME STATEMENT
                                                    2014                               2013                     2012                      2011
TOTAL REVENUE                    : 202,458           197,007             192,676              159,337
Less: COST OF GOODS SOLD:(145,934)       (144,135)         (141,949)         (117,117)
GROSS PROFIT                          : 34,394           33,690                 33,379              27,106
OPERATING PROFIT                :  11,921           11,187                11,824              11,1000
Less:  Finance Cost                 :       (1870)             (1614)                  (1,786)           (1,325)
NET INCOME                              :   10,985         9,093                  21 ,712              15,409



                                                                     PERFORMANCE MEASURES

1 PROFITABILITY
                                                                      2014           2013           2012
ROCE                                                       :5,40%       5,43%        5,79%
GROSS PROFIT MARGIN                 :16,98%       17,1%     17,32%
PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD MARGIN:5,88%      5,67%       6,13%
ASSET TURNOVER                               :0,9              0,95          1,04

Despite an increase in revenue of 24,6% in 2014, the gross profit margin has fallen over 0,7% to 16,98%.Although revenue has shown an increase the falling gross profit margin may indicate that the company is unable to achieva the same level of sales price that it was in 2013,or is not efficient at controling all its costs.

The ROCE has actually fallen slightly from 5,43 in 2013 to 5,40 in 2014,this mean that the company is not good at generating profit from its capital employed.The decrease in the ROCE is due to the fall in the profit margin.

2  LIQUIDITY
                                                                    2014                  2013               2012                     2011
CURRENT RATIO                           :       1                           1,03                    1,07                 1,04
INVENTORY HOLDING PERIOD:    78,7 days             72,5 days       73,7 days          85,8 days
RECEIVABLES PERIOD                  :     38 days                36,3 days        35 days           40,3 days
PAYABLES PERIOD                       :        45 days               42 days           40 days           48 days

A slightly decrease in the current ratio in 2014 with 0,29% and 0,65% comparative with 2013 and 2012 that could indicate that the company has some liquidity problems,that its happen because the company is strungled to pay is debt.Payable period was 45 days in 2014 comparative with with 42 days in 2013.

Company inventory increased with 8,5%  in 2014 comparative with 2013 could indicate that the company is having problems selling its products..The company should take steps to increase inventory turnover by removing unpopular items of inventory.

3 MEASURING RISK
                             
                                        2014                 2013                  2012                 2011
GEARING                 :    10,55%        15,01%           15,52%             10,78%
INTEREST COVER  :   6,37                   6,93                6,62                    8,37

The company present a low level of debt more than that the level of gearing decreased in 2014 at 10,55% comparative with 2013.




                                                           BASIC VALUATION OF BUSINES
NET INCOME                        :10 985  
MARKET  PRICE                   :34,953,410
(Outstanding shares*share/price)
EQUITY                                     : 90 189
SHARE/PRICE                          :  118,45EURO/SHARE
P/E RATIO                                :     9,44
EPS                                              : 12,35
DIVIDEND                                 :4,80
PRICE BOOK RATIO               : 0,6
EXPECTED RETURN AFTER 1 YEAR   :   10%

The actual value of P/E Ratio and Book Value I could say that the company value is undervalued and is a good opportunity to invest.

ROCE(Return on capital employed)    Profit from operation/Capital employed*100
CAPITAL EMPLOYED=TOTAL ASSETS-CURRENT LIABILITIES
GROSS PROFIT MARGIN=GROSS PROFIT/REVENUE*100
PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD MARGIN=PROFIT FROM OPERATIONS/REVENUE*100
ASSET TURNOVER  =REVENUE/CAPITAL EMPLOYED
CURRENT RATIO=CURRENT ASSETS/CURRENT LIABILITIES
INVENTORY HOLDING PERIOD=INVENTORY/COST OF SALES*365
RECEIVABLES=RECEIVABLES/REVENUE*365
PAYABLES PERIOD=PAYABLES/PURCHASES*365
GEARING=DEBT/DEBT+EQUITY*100
INTEREST COVER=PROFIT BEFORE FINANCE CHARGE AND TAX/FINANCE COST

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Sunday, 8 November 2015

IS AUSSIE DOLLAR GOING TO THE LOWEST LEVEL SINCE OCTOBER 2008?


The week finished in force with us dollar gaining against all major currency pairs.Friday the Us Bureau of Labour and Statiscs published jobs reports (NFP) that increased by 271 000 in October which is more than economists forecast,the unemployment rate remain unchanged at 5 %.


This results come to emphasize again that FED will hike the interest rate soon,maybe in december,important to see if the Janet Yallen will change his dovish tone in this market circumstance with strong evidence that the us labour market is improving.


What would be the market reaction when FED will hike the interest rate? How far can dollar goes? that are questions that nobody knows

Today I will try to make a short analysis in my view how a strong us dollar will afect aussie dollar.The australian currency lost important ground this week,australian private sector house approvals falls with 1,8 % in September 2015,balance on goods and services was a deficit of 2,596 m$ in september 2015,retail sales rose 0,4 % in september 2015 compared to september 2014 the trend estimate rose by 3,7%.
RBA left the cash rate on hold but surprising with their dovish tone,a new possible rate cut in the next period.

                                                       TECHNICAL ANALYSIS

The week is closed at 0,70472  which is close to support line  on weekly chart .If the price will broke the support line is very probably that the price will continue his  rallies with a possible target near to 0,600  which will be the lowest level since 2008.

If the price will be consolidate around 0,70472  and will not broke the weekly support line we can think to initiate buy orders only if the price broke resistance line 0,73600  .


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Wednesday, 15 April 2015

BULLISH VIEW ON ALUMIL INDUSTRY SA


Looking for companies listed on BVB(Bucharest Stock Exchange) one company that caught me attention is Alumil Rom Industry SA .First I 'd like to tell some words about the company.Is one of the most important player in Europe in aluminum extrusion and production of aluminum profiles ,but for more information about company profile you can find on company website (www.alumil.ro)

Now the company share price is trading to near 0.8200 ron/share which is good opportunity to buy but first to analysis some financials


                                                                   NET INCOME

2014 preliminary report- 1,706,411
2013 -559,578
2012-3,185,627
2011-4,002,368
2010-2,173,848



                                                                TOTAL REVENUE

2014 preliminary report-72,984,666
2013 -73,776,088
2012-73,986,146
2011-77,561,267
2010-69,599,187

                                                               TOTAL EXPENSES

2014 preliminary report-56,160,699
2013-73,016,128
2012-70,436,848
2011-72,759,533
2010-66,761,377

                                                                  PE/RATIO

2014  forward PE/Ratio -15.01
2013-46,35
2012-0
2011-0
2010-0

In 2010,2011,2012 the company 've chosen not to distributed dividends because uncertain aluminum market climate.At 43,35 PE in present consider that company has a good growth perspective.For those who don't knows the PE/Ration can be calculate as:
PE/RATIO=MARKET VALUE PER SHARE/EARNINGS PER SHARE
Important will be 20 of april 2015 when the company will release Annual report of 2014.According to preliminary report for 2014 the company reported net income of 1,706,411

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Friday, 23 January 2015

WILL ECB QE HELP TO BOOST DEUTCHE BANK AG SHARE PRICE?


Hi everybody today it's important day on financial markets ECB  News Conference. Mario Draghi  probably will announce size of assets purchase program.What that's mean? More exactly ECB is ready to inject liquidity on the EU areas.

About the QE in EU I've spoken in my last articles.It seems that QE has worked in US and UK   ,will see what's going to happen.Despite some criticism like Harvard proffesor Larry Summers which said in Davos " The ECB QE won't work"
\
In my view the QE will help to boost equity market in EU area,what company that I have in mind now is Deutche Bank.If somebody tell me is right time to buy AG share I say without hesitation yes.

                                            TEHNICAL ANALYSIS


Now Deutche Bank price shares trade near 30 $/share more exactly 29,82 $   I could say it's an important level a psihologic if the price of share 're going to consolidate at this level I  will see the price of shares going to 50 $/share even 70 $.  On the chart if you looking to MACD indicator will see that the price is on the oversold position.The 50 $/share coincide with 50 % Fibonacci retracement


                                                    FINANCIALS

                                                  NET INCOME

2013     -666 mil
2012     -263 mil
2011     -4132 mil
2010     -2310 mil


                                                  TOTAL ASSETS

2013     -1611400
2012     -2022275
2011     -2164103
2010     -1856811

                                               TOTAL LIABILITIES
2013     -1556681
2012      -1968274
2011      -2110713
2010      -1856811



                                                    TOTAL EQUITY

2013     -54719
2012      -54001
2011      -53390
2010       -48819



                                                  DIVIDENDS

2013       -1,025 USD
2012       -0,97   USD
2011      -0,92   usd
2010      -1,07  USDS
Important role will play Annual report of 2014 on 24 March

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